This is where quantum physics comes from

Physicists wanted a formula to explain the color of hot objects. A seemingly innocuous challenge.

The quantum year is coming.

In 2025, we celebrate 100 years of quantum mechanics — the theory that revolutionized physics, technology, and our understanding of the universe. UNESCO has even dubbed it the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology — though scientists prefer the snappier Quantum Year.

But the story of quantum mechanics begins long before 1925. In 1900, Max Planck took a small but radical step while solving a seemingly technical problem in thermodynamics. This quiet decision cracked the classical world and set the stage for our quantum revolution.

Kirchhoff’s Challenge

By the late 19th century, physics seemed secure.

• Newton’s mechanics explained how objects moved.
• Maxwell’s equations described how light propagated.
• Thermodynamics unlocked the secrets of heat and energy.

Physicists thought they were on the verge of understanding everything. But one nagging problem lurked in the shadows: the blackbody radiation problem. Solving this would connect the three pillars.